tRNA fragment biomarkers of Neurological Disease: Challenges and Opportunities

Transfer RNAs play a crucial role in protein translation where they bring amino acids to the ribosome be incorporated into nascent polypeptide chains. During stress conditions tRNAs can cleaved generate tRNA-derived fragments. Several ribonucleases have been identified that cleave tRNA, however mutations stress-induced ribonuclease Angiogenin range of neurological disorders including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s suggesting tRNA cleavage may dysregulated disease. fragments detected biofluids indicating use as biomarkers for diseases. There is considerable variability methods used quantify tRFs from size selection, adapter ligation, removal RNA modifications, sequence analysis approaches which make it difficult reconcile multiple studies. Here we review biology transfer biogenesis fragments, with focus on identify how different methodological influence fragment detection. We provide an overview current literature identification disease models patient samples, circulating potential